ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Terdiri dari dua kata yaitu
Adjective dan
Clause. Seperti yang kita ketahui
Adjective dalam bahasa Inggris yakni kata sifat, sedangkan
Clause yakni rangkaian kata yang bermakna dan berpola S + V yang membentuk kalimat atau bab dari kalimat.
Clause terdiri dari Main Clause / Independent Clause / Induk kalimat dan Sub Clause/Dependent Clause/Anak Kalimat.
Main Clause atau disebut juga induk kalimat yakni rangkaian kata yang terdiri dari subjek dan predikat yang mempunyai makna dan sanggup bangkit sendiri .
Contoh :
*I like reading.
*The book is important
*She has understood.
Sub Clause atau anak kalimat yakni rangkaian kata yang tidak sanggup bangkit sendiri membentuk kalimat atau hanya bab dari kalimat . Artinya Sub Clause tergantung pada Main Clause.
Contoh :
*I go because you hate me. I go yakni Main Clause , because you hate me yakni Sub Clause.
Sub Clause dibagi menjadi 3 :
1. Noun Clause Yaitu Sub Clause yang berfungsi sebagai noun .
*You know what I want . ( Kamu tahu apa yang saya inginkan) what I want menggantikan noun (kata benda) misalkan yang kita inginkan yakni uang, rumah dan sebagainya.
2. Adjective Clause Yaitu anak kalimat (Sub Clause) yang berfungsi sebagai Adjective untuk menjelaskan noun (kata benda) yang terdapat dalam induk kalimat (Main Clause) sehingga membentuk rangkaian Noun Phrase.
3. Adverbial Clause Adverbial caluse yaitu Sub Clause yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb. Di dalam Adjective Clause terdapat Relative Pronoun dan Relative Adverb.
Relative Pronoun yakni Conjunction (kata hubung) yang sekaligus berfungsi menggantikan posisi subjek atau objek dalam rangkaian Adjective Clause. Relative Pronoun disebut juga sebagai
Relative Clause. Sedangkan
Relative Adverb yakni Conjunction (kata hubung) yang sekaligus berfungsi menggantikan posisi subjek atau objek dalam rangkaian Adverbial Clause.
Penggunaan Relative Pronoun.
a. Relative Pronoun sebagai pengganti subjek. Conjunction yang dipakai yakni (
WHO,THAT,WHICH)
Dalam bahasa Indonesia relative pronoun (
WHO,
THAT,
WHICH) bermakna “
YANG”.
WHO/THAT untuk subjek orang (Person)
Contoh kalimat :
MC :
The boy sits beside me. (Seorang pemuda duduk di sebelahku)
SC :
He has a new car . ( Dia mempunyai kendaraan beroda empat gres )
*The boy
who/that has a new car sits beside me. (Seorang pemuda yang mempunyai kendaraan beroda empat gres duduk di sebelahku).
MC :
The old man is not working in this company anylonger.
SC :
He got’s fired for not doing his job well.
*The old man
who/that got’s fired for not doing his job well is not working in this company anylonger.
MC : Won’t your mother help
the old man ?
SC :
He lives alone in proverty.
*Won’t your mother help the old man
who/that lives alone in proverty?
WHICH/THAT untuk subjek bukan orang (Non Person)
Contoh kalimat:
MC :
Rice is our main food.
SC :
It causes us fat.
*Rice
which causes us fat is our main food.
MC :
The book is lost.
SC :
It was borrowed by Fajar.
*The book
which was borrowed by Fajar is lost.
MC :
The articles won’t be published soon.
SC :
They need to be edited.
*The article
that need to be editednwon’t be publised soon.
b. Relative Pronoun sebagai pengganti objek Conjunction yang dipakai yakni (
WHOM, WHO, THAT, WHICH ) dan penghilangan (
Omitting) Relative Pronoun.
WHOM, WHO dan
THAT untuk subjek orang (Person)
WHOM dipakai untuk
Formal English atau
Standar Written English.
Contoh kalimat :
MC :
The students look tired.
SC : I teach
them.
*The students
whom I teach look tired.
MC : Where have you met
the job applicant ?
SC : Many companies have rejected
her .
*Where have you met the job applicant
who/whom/that/ O many companies have rejected ?
MC :
The tenant does not stay in this apartment anymore.
SC : This official letterr is addressed to
him.
*The tenant
who/whom/that/ O this official letterr is addressed to does not stay in thisd apartment anymore. Atau
* The tenant
to whom this official letterr is addressed to does not stay in thisd apartment anymore.
Note : Jika sebelum kata ganti objek ( objek pronoun) didahului kata kerja depan ( Preposition ) maka kata depan ( Preposition )boleh ditempatkan sebelum
WHOM.(by whom,for whom, in whom, from whom) WHICH/THAT dan penghilangan (omitting) Relative Pronoun untuk objek bukan orang (Non Person)
WHICH dipakai untuk
Formal English atau
Standar Written English.
Contoh kalimat :
MC : I have found
a coin.
SC : Ulfa searched
it.
* I have found a coin
which Ulfa searched.
MC :
The book is interesting.
Sc : They read
it.
*The book
which they read is interesting.
MC : Where is
the crazy dog chained ?
SC : A child was bitten by
it.
* Where is the crazy dog
which/that/O a child is bitten by chained ? atau
* Where is the crazy dog
by which a child is bitten chained ?
Note : Jika sebelum kata ganti objek ( objek pronoun) didahului kata kerja depan ( Preposition ) maka kata depan ( Preposition ) boleh ditempatkan
sebelum WHICH. (by which,for which, in which, from which) c. Relative Pronoun pengganti kepemilikan . Conjunction yang dipakai yakni
WHOSE.
Relative Pronoun
WHOSE dipakai untuk menggantikan Possessive Adjective ( kata ganti milik) dari kata ganti utama ( Main Noun ). Relative Pronoun
WHOSE harus diikuti kata benda .
Relative Pronoun
WHOSE sanggup dipakai untuk orang (person) atau selain orang (non person).
Contoh kalimat :
MC : The plane is danger.
SC :
Its landing wels can not work properly.
* The plane
whose landing wels can not work properly is danger.
MC : The girl has 5 boy friends.
SC :
Her father is an army.
* The girl
whose father is an army has 5 boy friends.
MC : The children look very frightened.
SC :
Their ball struck a man in a boat.
* The children
whose ball struck a man in a boat look very frightened.
Note : Khusus untuk kata benda utama (main noun) yang berasal dari kata benda bukan orang ( non person ), maka untuk menyatakn makna kepemilikan (possessive meaning) sanggup memakai Possessive Adjective (kata ganti milik) atau "the noun of the noun".
Contoh kalimat :
MC : When was the building built ?
SC 1:
Its pillar have been cracked.
* When was the building
whose pillars have been cracked built ?
Sc 2 :
The pillars of it have been cracked.
*When was the building
, the pillars of which have been cracked
, build ?
IT di Sub Clause yang kedua yakni kata ganti objek dari The building (noun) dan
IT diganti dengan Relative Pronoun
WHICH. Sub Clause 1 dan Sub Clause 2 mempunyai arti yang sama. Dalam bahasa tulis ( written expression) Main Clause dan Sub Clause harus dipisahkan dengan tanda baca koma (
, ).
Contoh-contoh lain :
MC : Will Erly attend the seminar ?
SC :
The schedule of it confuses participants.
* Will Erly attend the seminar
, the schedule of which confuses participants ?
MC : Who has cooked the soup ?
SC : Everyone likes
the taste of it .
* Who has cooked the soup
, the taste of which everyone likes ?
MC : The plants only grow on the mountain , don’t they ?
SC :
The leaves of them can be used to heal disease.
* The plants
, the leaves of which can be used to heal disease
, only grow on the mountain , don’t they ?
d. Relative Pronoun dengan memakai Expression of Number ( some of, one of, both of, all of ) Relative Pronoun sanggup dipakai bersama Expression of Number (
some of, one of, both of, all of )
Contoh :
MC : The students are studying in the classroom.
SC :
Some of them ask questions to the teacher .
* The students
, some of whom ask questions to the teacher
, are studying in the classroom.
MC : When were the fishermen rescued from the sea ?
SC :
Two of them had died before the rescue team arrived .
* When were the fishermen
, two of whom had died before the rescue team arrived
, rescued from the sea ?
MC : The trees were planted years ago.
SC : The loggers will cut
most of them soon.
* The trees
, most of which the loggers will cut
, were planted years ago.
MC : Are the bikes still being repaired ?
SC :
One of them belongs to your sister .
* Are the bikes
, one of which belongs to your sister
, still being repaired ?
MC : The child was bought to a hospital for a emergency treatment.
SC :
Both of her arms got paralised suddenly.
* The child
, both of whose arms got paralised suddenly
, was bought to a hospital for a emergency treatment.
MC : When did Ana buy the sugar ?
SC : Mother needs
some of it for her cookies .
* When did Ana buy the sugar
, some of which mother needs for her cookies ?
MC : Who is going to repaire the city car ?
SC :
One of its tires became flat on the street.
*Who is going to repaire the city car
, one of whose tires became flat on the street?
Note : Ketika Relative Pronoun dipakai bersama dengan Expression of Number, Main Clause dan Sub Clause harus dipisahkan dengan tanda koma (
, ) khususnya dalam bahasa goresan pena ( Written English ).
e. Relative Pronoun untuk mengganti keterangan Conjunction yang dipakai yakni
WHERE, WHEN, dan
WHY .
Penggunaan
WHERE WHERE dipakai untuk menggabungkan kata benda utama (main noun ) dengan kata keterangan kawasan ( Adverb of Place ).
Contoh :
MC : Will
the building be renovated soon ?
SC : The first Asia Africa Conference was carried out
there . ( in that building)
* Will the building
where The first Asia Africa Conference was carried out be renovated soon ?
MC :
The park is completed with a large beautiful garden , isn’t it ?
SC : Many young people spend their time
there ( in that park ).
*The park
where many young people spend their time is completed with a large beautiful garden, isn’t it?
MC : Is
the highway always congested in the busy hours ?
SC : You saw a terrible accident
there ( on that highway).
* Is the highway
where you saw a terrible accident always congested in the busy hours ?
Selain memakai Relative Pronoun
WHERE untuk menghubungkan dengan keterangan kawasan (Adverb of Place) dengan kata benda utama (main noun), kita juga sanggup memakai
WHICH atau
THAT.
Contoh :
MC :
The big city becomes the center of the government.
SC : Millions people live
there ( in that city )
*The big city
where millions people live becomes the center of the government. Atau
*The big city
which/that/O Millions people live
in becomes the center of the government. Atau
*The big city
in which millions people live becomes the center of the government.
Penggunaan WHEN WHEN dipakai untuk menggabungkan kata benda utama (main noun) dengan kata keterangan waktu (Adverb of Time ).
Contoh :
MC : Azoka can’t forget
the day.
SC : He went away
then (on that day)
* Azoka can’t forget the day
when he went away. Atau
* Azoka can’t forget the day
on which he went away.
*
Azoka can’t forget the day which he went away. (salah)
* Azoka can’t forget the day
that he went away. Atau
* Azoka can’t forget the day he went away. ( Omitting Relative Pronoun )
Note : Preposision (kata depan) untuk keterangan waktu (Adverb of Time) hanya dipakai sebelum
WHICH (
on which, at which, in which ).
Contoh-contoh lain :
MC : Is January
the month ?
SC : All people celebrate a new year
then (In that month)
* Is January the month
when/in which all people celebrate a new year ?
MC : The teacher told us
the time.
SC : We would face the written test
then ( at that time )
* The teacher told us the time
when/at which we would face the written test ?
Preposition of time
Time | at |
Clock | at |
Day | on |
Date | on |
Month | in |
Year | in |
Century | in |
Penggunaan
WHY WHY dipakai untuk menggabungkan kata benda utama (main noun) dengan kata keterangan alasan (Adverb of Reason). WHY hanya dipakai dengan main noun the reason .
Contoh :
Andy told me
the reason why Vio was absent in the aftenoon class yesterday.
The reason why people are very busy earning money is very common.
f. Jenis-jenis Adjective Clause Ada 2 jenis Adjective Clause yaitu :
1. Identifying Clause Identifying Clause dalah klausa yang dipakai untuk mengidentifikasi kaytabenda yang diikuti klausa tersebut . Identifying Clause sangat penting alasannya yakni tanpa klausa itu kita tidak tahu benda yang mana yang dibicarakan si pembicara.
Contoh :
*The man feels confused. ( Kalimat ini belum sanggup dipahami alasannya yakni kita tidak tahu lelaki mana yang dibicarakan maka kita harus meletakkan klausa yang menjelaskan lelaki yang mana yang dimaksudkan).
Contoh lain :
*The man who lost much money in his business feels confused.
Adjective Clause who lost much money in his business itu menjelaskan The man di induk kalimat (Main Clause ).
Contoh-contoh lain :
MC :
The temple is used for workshiping.
SC :
It has many statues and reliefs.
* The temple
which/that has many statues and reliefs is ethniscused for workshiping.
MC :
The sailors are sailing a cross the strait to catch fish.
SC : We know and adore
them.
* The sailors
who/whom/that/O we know and adore are sailing a cross the strait to catch fish.
MC :
The city never sleeps night and day.
SC :
Its populations are multi ethnics.
* The city
whose populations are multi ethnics never sleeps night and day.
MC : When was
the wounded rabbit found ?
SC :
It was neglected by her mother.
* When was the wounded rabbit
which/that was neglected by her mother ?
MC : Are
the problems very confusing ?
SC : Many people are trying to solve
them.
* Are the problems
which/that/O are trying to solve them ?
Cara pembentukan Adjective Clause 1. Analisa kedua kalimat.
2. Cari noun dan pronoun yang sama dari kedua kalimat. (Lihat karakter yang berwarna merah ! )
3. Ganti pronoun kalimat ke 2 dengan conjunction yang sesuai.
4. Letakkan rangkaian tersebut (Sub Clause) sehabis noun (kalimat ke 1) yang sama.
2. Non- Identifying Clause Non- Identifying Clause yakni klausa yang dipakai hanya untuk memberi keterangan lanjutan/tambahan tetapi bukan untuk mengidentifikasi kata benda yang diikuti klausa tersebut alasannya yakni kata benda utama (main noun) sudah diidentifikasi dengan
Nama,
Possessive Adjective,
Expressions of measurement dan
Demonstrative words (kata penunjuk). Klausa ini tidak umum dipakai dalam bahasa cakap (spoken language), tetapi lebih umum dipakai dalam bahasa tulis.
Contoh :
*Professor William
, who/that invented a talking robot, was nominated to get a gold medal.
Klausa “
who invented a talking robot” tidak dipakai untuk menidentifikasi "
Professor William” sebagai kata benda utama (main noun), tetapi klausa itu hanya memberi keterangan embel-embel wacana "
Professor William”.
Contoh-contoh yang lain :
*My smartphone
, which/that/O my sister sold
, is still in a good shape.
*This class
, which/that emphasizes to develop the speaking skill
, often becomes a student’s favourite.
*Who is talking to dr. Anthony
, whose wife was kidnapped few days ago ?
*Rita’s new bookstore
, where the fire took place last night
, has been insured.
*Have you inverviewed your school principal
, whom/who/that/O all students are proud of.?
*Azmil
, whose father passed away last year
, has to earn living for her mother ang her brother.
*Yussy drank a cup of tea
, which she wanted to serve to her mother’s guest.
Note :
- Relative Pronoun THAT tidak bisa dipakai untuk Non- Identifying Clause.
- WHOM/WHICH untuk penggunaan kata ganti objek (using object pronoun) tidak boleh dihilangkan/dihapus (omitted/deleted).
- Untuk bahasa tulis (Written Expressions) , Main Clause dan Sub Clause harus dipisahkan dengan tanda baca koma ( , ).
Itulah
Pembahasan Adjective Clause dan Penggunaan Relative Pronoun yang sanggup saya bagikan. . Semoga bermanfaat. Jika anda mempunyai pendapat lain, jangan sungkan untuk berkomentar. Sekian dan terima kasih :)
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